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Golf Ball
''Golf Ball'' (sometimes ''Golfball'') is a 1962 painting by Roy Lichtenstein. It is considered to fall within the art movement known as Pop art. It depicts "a single sphere with patterned, variously directional semi-circular grooves." The work is commonly associated with black-and-white Piet Mondrian works. It is one of the works that was presented at Lichtenstein's first solo exhibition and one that was critical to his early association with pop art. The work is commonly critiqued for its tension involving a three-dimensional representation in two dimensions with much discussion revolving around the choice of a background nearly without any perspective.
==History==
When Lichtenstein had his first solo show at the Leo Castelli Gallery in February 1962, it sold out before opening. ''Golf Ball'' was one of the works that Lichtenstein exhibited. Later, Lichtenstein included ''Golf Ball'' in ''Still Life with Goldfish Bowl'', 1972, and ''Go for Baroque'', 1979. The painting exemplifies the novel superimposition of abstraction and figuration. The work also represents abstraction as a result of elimination of three-dimensionality, chiaroscuro and a landscape context.
The use of black and white is regarded as dramatic, and although it may have been influenced by 1940s and 1950s works of Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline and Robert Motherwell, it is more likely a commentary on Mondrian's 1917 ''Composition in Black and White''.〔 Alternatively, it may have been a reference to another of Mondrian's Pre-World War I black and white oval paintings, such as ''Pier and ocean'', 1915.〔 The small cusps and ellipses indicating the pores of its surface make it recognizable as a three-dimensional object, but they are also a play on abstract signs. For someone familiar with modern art, the formally related oval paintings of Piet Mondrian from before the First World War (Ill. p. 26) may come to mind. Yet there are also parallels with contemporary art. The simultaneous reduction of subject and inflation of scale in ''Golfball'' shares the humorous effect of Claes Oldenburg's sculputre.〕 This complementary source art was common of Lichtenstein's 1960s work on frequently advertised objects.〔 "Lichtenstein's dramatic use of black and white is also a feature of subsequent paintings such as ''Golf Ball'', 1962, and may be related to the black-and-white paintings created by Abstract Expressionists Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Robert Motherwell, and others in the 1940s and 1950s. More to the point, perhaps, Lichtenstein chose this image to comment on the work of Mondrian (see fig. 32), which was of interest to him at the time. Here, Lichtenstein emulated Mondrian's reductive style and translated the Dutch artist's system of simple plus and minus forms into his own series of signs, breaking down the common object of a golf ball into a collection of hooked marks surrounded by a bold black outline."〕 Lichtenstein describes his sources as Mondrian ''Plus and Minus'' paintings.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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